Physics of the Cosmos. The Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) Program lies at the intersection of physics and astronomy. Its purpose is to explore some of the most fundamental questions regarding the physical forces and laws of the universe: the validity of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and the nature of spacetime; the behavior of matter and energy in extreme environments; the cosmological parameters governing inflation and the evolution of the universe; and the nature of dark matter and dark energy. PCOS takes us beyond Einstein and beyond the Standard Model. The PCOS Program consists of a suite of operating science missions and possible future missions that focus on specific aspects of these questions. The Chandra and XMM- Newton observatories probe the universe in X- rays using detailed images and spectroscopy to study matter under a broad range of physical conditions. INTEGRAL and now Fermi study the phenomena with the highest energy emission looking for new physics in the gamma- ray regime. Planck provides an order of magnitude increase in the precision with which we measure the Cosmic Microwave Background. The next generation of PCOS missions will build on the discoveries of these missions and take us to the next stages of discovery. FUNDAMENTAL UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS Paul S. Wesson Department of Physics University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada prepared for California Institute for Physics and Astrophysics 366. The lesson is that the multiverse theory can be tested and falsi. The key is to predict what the ensemble of parallel universes is and to specify a probability distribution. GeneralRelativityandCosmology 1 LecturesonGeneralRelativityandCosmology Pedro G. Ferreira Astrophysics University of Oxford, DW Building, Keble Road Oxford OX1 3RH, UK last modi Cosmological Physics Pdf NotesZERO-POINT FIELDS, GRAVITATION AND NEW PHYSICS CONTENTS Abstract 1. Recent Work on the Electromagnetic ZPF 3. Outstanding Problems 4. Recommendations for Research 5. Conclusion Acknowledgements Bibliography 2. High-Energy Physics Cosmology & Astrophysics. Solving problems in observational cosmology: how to measure and constrain properties of dark matter, dark energy and the standard cosmological model. Figure 6 Hubble Diagram for SCP low-extinction subsample PDF : The history of cosmic expansion, as measured by the high-redshift supernovae, assuming flat cosmic geometry.PDF : Observed magnitude versus redshift for well. The movie stills pictured above illustrate the formation formation of clusters and large-scale filaments in the Cold Dark Matter model with dark energy. The frames show the evolution of structures in a 43 million parsecs (or. Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. Cosmological parameters Planck Collaboration: P.
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